labarai

Mene ne ainihin buƙatun kayan ɗaukar kaya?

 

Kayan da aka fi amfani da shi donbearingsƙarfe ne mai ɗauke da ƙarfe. Tsarin ciki, daidaiton sinadaran, haɗakar da ba ta ƙarfe ba, girman da rarrabawar ƙwayoyin carbide, da matakin cire carbonbearingssuna da ƙa'idodi masu tsauri. In ba haka ba, waɗannan lahani za su rage tsawon rayuwar ɗaukar kaya da kuma amfani da kayan sosai.

 

1. TsarkakakkenBearingKarfe: Gajiyawar fitar da sassan ɗaukar kaya yana da alaƙa da haɗakar da ba ta ƙarfe ba a cikin ƙarfe, musamman oxides. Wannan saboda lokacin da bearing mai birgima ke juyawa, saman hulɗa na sassan ɗaukar kaya yana fuskantar nauyin da aka ɗora. Haɗakar da ba ta ƙarfe ba yana haifar da katsewar ci gaba da tsarin matrix na ƙarfe, wanda ke haifar da yawan damuwa, nakasar filastik a kusa da haɗakar da ba ta ƙarfe ba, da kuma samuwar ƙananan fasa.

 

Bugu da ƙari, abubuwan da ke cikin iskar gas (oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen) a cikin ƙarfe mai ɗaukar nauyi suma muhimmin alama ne na tsarki. Iskar oxygen da ke narkewa a cikin ƙarfe yana haifar da tsatsa yayin da zafin jiki ke raguwa kuma yana samar da haɗakar oxide tare da abubuwa kamar aluminum, calcium, silicon, da manganese. Nitrogen yana samar da haɗakar aluminum nitride mai warwatse sosai da kuma haɗakar titanium nitride mai kauri da titanium carbonitride a cikin ƙarfe. Lokacin da ƙwayoyin hydrogen da aka haɗa suka haɗu don samar da ƙwayoyin hydrogen, suna haifar da matsin lamba mai yawa. Da zarar wannan matsin lamba ya wuce iyakar ƙarfin ƙarfe, fashewar ciki tana faruwa, suna samar da fararen tabo. Rage yawan iskar gas muhimmin mataki ne na inganta tsarkin ƙarfe mai ɗaukar nauyi.

 

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, manyan masana'antun ƙarfe masu ɗaukar kaya a ƙasata sun gina kuma sun fara amfani da tanderun lantarki masu ƙarfi sosai, suna amfani da fasahar bugun murhu mai ƙarfi don tacewa ta biyu. Wannan yana rage yawan iskar oxygen da ke cikin ƙarfe zuwa kimanin 10 × 10⁻⁶, tare da wasu misalan da suka kai ƙasa da (4 ~ 3) × 10⁻⁶. Matsakaicin tacewa ta biyu kuma ya kai 100%. Saboda haka, ana sarrafa adadin abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfe sosai.

 

2. Daidaito naBearingKarfe

 

Daidaiton ƙarfe mai ɗaukar kaya yana nufin daidaiton sinadaransa da kuma carbide. Tsarinsa, nauyi, zafin siminti, da kuma hanyar simintin ƙarfe mai ɗaukar kaya yana shafar rarraba sinadaran a cikin ƙarfe. Tsarin dumama ingots na ƙarfe da billets kafin aiki mai zafi, zafin ƙarewa na aikin zafi, da hanyoyin sanyaya da ke biyo baya, da kuma hanyoyin annealing na spheroidizing, yana shafar daidaiton carbide. Dangane da siffa, rarrabawa, da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin daidaituwar carbide a cikin ƙaramin tsarin ƙarfe mai ɗaukar kaya, ana iya rarraba carbides zuwa cikin carbides na ruwa, carbides mai ɗaure, da carbides na hanyar sadarwa. Cutar da carbides na ruwa yayi daidai da na haɗakar ƙarfe. Carbides mai ɗaure mai lamba 3-4 na iya rage tsawon gajiyar ƙarfe da 30%. Ƙara carbides na hanyar sadarwa da maki ɗaya na iya rage rayuwar ɗaukar kaya da kashi ɗaya bisa uku. Girman barbashi na carbide kai tsaye ko a kaikaice yana shafar rayuwar ɗaukar kaya. Ƙimar carbides na ruwa, carbides mai ɗaure, da carbides na hanyar sadarwa alama ce ta daidaiton carbide.

 

3. Daidaito da Ingancin Karfe a Faɗin Karfe

 

Inganta daidaiton girma na ƙarfe ba wai kawai yana ƙara yawan amfani da kayan ɗaukar kaya ba, har ma yana rage ayyukan injina marasa amfani. Wasu masana'antun ƙarfe sun ɗauki injinan birgima masu ƙarfi tare da gajerun layukan damuwa, wanda hakan ke rage girman karkacewar sassan ƙarfe. Ga ƙarfe mai zagaye wanda diamitansa bai wuce 30mm ba, karkacewar diamita na iya zama ƙasa da 0.3mm.

 

Tsawon rai da amincin bearings suna da alaƙa da abubuwa kamar ƙirar tsarin bearings, kayan da aka yi amfani da su, dabarun sarrafa zafi da sanyi da kayan aiki, shigarwa, da yanayin aiki. Daga cikin waɗannan, kayan aiki da maganin zafi suna daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke shafar tsawon rai da amincin bearings. Saboda tasirin kayan aiki da hanyoyin sarrafa zafi, abubuwa kamar ƙarancin ƙarfi na abu, rashin tsarkin abu, daidaitaccen zare mara kyau a cikin kayan ƙarfe, ƙarancin tauri, rabon ƙirƙira mara dacewa, da babban matsin lamba na iya haifar da lalacewar bearings cikin sauƙi. A ƙasashen waje, tasirin ingancin ƙarfe akan tsawon rai bearings ya kai kusan kashi 50% a cikin shekarun 1950 da 60, yana raguwa zuwa kashi ɗaya bisa uku a cikin shekarun 1980. A halin yanzu a ƙasata, saboda tasirin hanyoyin aiki da kayan aiki, ingancin ƙarfe mai ɗaukar kaya ya kai kusan kashi 60% na tsawon rai bearings. Saboda haka, ga masana'antun bearings, zaɓar kayan ɗaukar kaya masu inganci kuma muhimmin abu ne wajen inganta tsawon rai bearings.